Virginia Woolf | A Modernist Perspective

Virginia Woolf | A Modernist Perspective Virginia Woolfs books fuse the quintessential components of the cutting edge understanding. I will investigate the artistic articulation of these attributes according to three of Woolfs books: Mrs Dalloway, The Waves and To the Light House. Right off the bat, I will break down the innovator point of view according to frame, story strategy, basic dynamic, sex and so forth. I will likewise research Woolfs appearance of time and how its steady reflections on the past fuse an indication with the movement of fact. I will likewise deconstruct the topical belief systems imagined in Woolfs messages and relate them to the display of contemporary being. This piece of the thesis will concentrate halfway on the specialized and pioneer parts of Woolfs compositions The second piece of the proposal will conceptualize the sociological and political foundation of Woolfs accounts. I will unwind the verifiable developments and ramifications of her organizations. I will investigate the solid reality and the space that possesses the anecdotal creations of her books. I will dissect Woolfs exemplification of the city as a medium that shapes and conceptualizes tasteful experience. I will investigate her portrayals of the urban scene and social condition and relate them to the hypothetical examinations proclaimed by basic understandings of the city. I will likewise dissect Woolfs display of the city as a transitionary space in which sociological models are deconstructed and appeared. 3) Structure Presentation: Woolf as the quintessential pioneer. This specific part will investigate the general translations and impacts of the pioneer essayist. It will offer a diagram and presentation of Woolfs works. I will investigate Woolfs particular delineations of the real world and how this unpredictable procedure turned into the focal distractions of the nineteenth century pioneer essayist. I will likewise deconstruct the extreme developments of the pioneer understanding and how these social, political, efficient and authentic creations destabilized the traditional builds of fact. Part 1: Past as a nonstop nearness, abstract trials with time: the experience of direct transience and contemporary being in Virginia Woolfs books. In this part I will break down the compelling dynamic of the past and how its emergence can detail contemporary snapshots of transience. I will especially analyze Mrs Dalloway. I will examine the pioneer creation and portrayals of mental and unoriginal time. This part will fuse an assortment of basic scholar, for example, Henri Bergson and how his hypothetical ramifications and emergences of time had weighty ramifications on the pioneer stylish. Part 2: Experimental points of view: the investigation of current portrayals of the oblivious in Virginia Woolfs The Waves. This part will join an investigation of the emotional experience introduced in Woolfs account. I will explore the piece of Woolfs continuous flow strategy and its weighty ramifications on the viewpoints and creations of the innovator experience. Part 3: Historical portrayals: an all encompassing perspective on class and social structure in Woolfs Mrs Dalloway I will investigate the social dynamic of Woolfs books in this third section. I would like to exemplify a whole point of view and perspective of the social universe of Woolfs stories. I will investigate the social connections that are spoken to in the content specifically in Mrs Dalloway. Part 4: The City as a stylish encounter: metropolitan innovation in Woolfs books. In this section I will join an extreme examination on the delineation of the urban scene showed in Woolfs books. I will reveal the tasteful points of view of the city and think about its dynamic as a fluctuating and transformative space. I will likewise look at the changed structures in which she presents the city as a stylish, faltering and faltering experience. Part 5: A women's activist investigate: understanding Woolfs point of view. This specific part will offer an investigation on Woolfs portrayals and developments of sex relations. I will likewise research the delineations of sexual orientation generalizations according to class division and structure. Working Bibliography Ayers, David, Modernism: A Short Introduction. Blackwell, 2004. Print. Dark, N. Virginia Woolf as women's activist. Cornell University Press, 2004 Bradbury, Malcolm James McFarlane, eds. Innovation: 1830-1930. Penguin, 1976. Print. Extension, Gary Sophie Watson. The Blackwell City Reader. Blackwell, 2002. Print. Briggs, J. Perusing Virginia Woolf. Edinburgh University Press, 2006. Print. Brooker, Peter. Topographies of Modernism. Routledge, 2005. Print. Coverley, Merlin, London Writing. Pocket Essentials, 2005. Print. Cuddy-Keane, Melba, Virginia Woolf, the Intellectual, and the Public Sphere. Cambridge UP, 2003.Print. De Certeau. Michel, The Practice of Everyday Life. California UP, 1988. Print. DeBord, Guy, The Society of the Spectacle. Revolutionary Press, 1992. Print. Dettmar, Kevin. Rehashing the new: a retrogressive look at innovation. College of Michigan Press, 1992. Print Eysteinsson, Astradur. The Concept of Modernism. Cornell UP, 1990. Print. Faulkner, Peter, Modernism. Routledge, 1990. Print. Froula, Christine, Virginia Woolf and the Bloomsbury Avant-Garde: War, Civilization, Advancement . Columbia UP, 2005. Print. Goldman, J. The women's activist feel of Virginia Woolf: innovation, post-impressionism and the legislative issues of the visual. College Press, 2001. Print. Goldman, Jane, Modernism, 1910-1945: Image to Apocalypse. Palgrave, 2003.Print. Goldman, Jane, The Cambridge Introduction to Virginia Woolf .Cambridge U P, 2006. Print. Hanson, Clare, Virginia Woolf . Macmillan, 1994. Print Humm, M. Pioneer ladies and visual societies: Virginia Woolf, Vanessa Bell, photography, and film. Rutgers University Press, 2003. Print. Kern, Stephen, The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918. Harvard UP, 1983. Print. Kolocotroni, Vassili et al (eds), Modernism: An Anthology. Edinburgh UP, 1998. Print. Lee, Hermione, Virginia Woolf . Chatto and Windus, 1996. Print. Lee, Hermoine. The books of Virginia Woolf. Taylor Francis, 1977. Print. Lefebvre, Henri, The Production of Space. Blackwell, 1991. Print. Levenson, Michael, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Modernism. Cambridge UP, 1998. Matz, Jesse. The cutting edge novel: a short presentation. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. Print. Nicholls, Peter, Modernisms: A Literary Guide. Macmillan, 1995. Print. Olsen, Donald J., The City as a Work of Art .Yale UP, 1986. Print. Rainey, Lawrence, Modernism: An Anthology . Blackwell, 2005.Print. Scott, Bonnie Kime.,ed. The Gender of Modernism: A Critical Anthology . Indiana UP, 1990. Print. Squier, Susan Merrill, Virginia Woolf and London: The Sexual Politics of the City. North Carolina UP, 1985. Print. Stevenson, R. Pioneer fiction: a presentation. College Press of Kentucky, 1992. Print. Weston, Richard, Modernism. Phaidon, 1996.Print. Whitworth, Michael. H. Virginia Woolf. Oxford University Press, 2005. Print. Williams, Raymond, The Politics of Modernism. Verso, 1989. Print. Wilson, Jean Moorcroft, Virginia Woolf: Life and London. Woolf, 1987. Print. Wolfreys, Julian, Writing London: Materiality, Memory, Spectrality, Vol.2. Palgrave, 2004. Print. Woolf, Virginia. To the beacon. Oxford University Press, 2006. Print. Woolf, Virginia. Mrs Dalloway. Penguin Woolf, Virginia. The Waves. Authorities library, 2003. Zwerdling, Alex. Virginia Woolf and the Real World.University of California Press, 1987. Print. Articles Abbott H. P. Character and Modernism: Reading Woolf Writing Woolf New Literary History, 24.2, Reconsiderations (Spring, 1993): 393-405 Banfield, Ann. Time Passes: Virginia Woolf, Post-Impressionism, and Cambridge Time Poetics Today, 24. 3, Theory and History of Narrative (2003): 471-516 Brian Phillips Reality and Virginia Woolf Reality and Virginia Woolf The Hudson Review, 56.3 (2003): 415-430 Ruler, James. Survey: Wallowing in Woolf Molly HiteReviewed work(s): Virginia Woolf The Womens Review of Books,13.2 (1995): 5-6 Paul Tolliver Brown Relativity, Quantum Physics, and Consciousness in Virginia Woolfs To the Lighthouse Journal of Modern LiteratureHYPERLINK http://muse.jhu.edu.eproxy.ucd.ie/diaries/journal_of_modern_literature/toc/jml.32.3.html, 32.3. (2HYPERLINK http://muse.jhu.edu.eproxy.ucd.ie/diaries/journal_of_modern_literature/toc/jml.32.3.html009):39-62 Pawlowski, Merry M. Virginia Woolfs Veil: The Feminist Intellectual and the Organization of Public Space MFS Modern Fiction StudiesHYPERLINK http://muse.jhu.edu.eproxy.ucd.ie/diaries/modern_fiction_studies/toc/mfs53.4.html, 53. 4. (HYPERLINK http://muse.jhu.edu.eproxy.ucd.ie/diaries/modern_fiction_studies/toc/mfs53.4.html2007): 722-751. Seshagiri, Urmila. Situating Virginia Woolf: Race, Esthetics, and Politics in To the Beacon. MFS Modern Fiction StudiesHYPERLINK http://muse.jhu.edu.eproxy.ucd.ie/diaries/modern_fiction_studies/toc/mfs50.1.html, 50.1. (HYPERLINK http://muse.jhu.edu.eproxy.ucd.ie/diaries/modern_fiction_studies/toc/mfs50.1.html2004) 58-84 Taylor, Chloe .Kristevan Themes in Virginia WoolfHYPERLINK http://www.jstor.org.eproxy.ucd.ie/stable/3831688?Search=yessearchText=woolfsearchText=virginialist=hidesearchUri=/activity/doBasicSearch?Query=virginia+woolfacc=onwc=onprevSearch=item=3ttl=15185returnArticleService=showFullTextHYPERLINK http://www.jstor.org.eproxy.ucd.ie/stable/3831688?Search=yessearchText=woolfsearchText=virginialist=hidesearchUri=/activity/doBasicSearch?Query=virginia+woolfacc=onwc=onprevSearch=item=3ttl=15185returnArticleService=showFullTexts HYPERLINK http://www.jstor.org.eproxy.ucd.ie/stable/3831688?Search=yessearchText=woolfsearchText=virginialist=hidesearchUri=/activity/doBasicSearch?Query=virginia

Cerebral Palsy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cerebral Palsy - Research Paper Example f issue that influence a person’s capacity to move and keep their equalization and stance because of a physical issue to parts of the cerebrum, or because of an issue with mind development.† There are a few sorts of cerebral paralysis which are normally ordered by how the development is influenced, or which some portion of the body is influenced (Peacock, 2000, p. 13). There are 5 sorts when grouping as per the impact on development. Spastic cerebral paralysis is the most well-known sort of the condition, described by poor correspondence between the nerves from the cerebrum to the spinal string (p. 13). Spinal nerves act autonomously and consequently order muscles to contract, more often than not improperly, giving the patient trouble in moving their limits (p. 13). Then again, athetoid cerebral paralysis causes the head, furthest points, face, and different pieces of the body to move wildly (p. 14). Ataxic cerebral paralysis disturbs the patient’s balance making that person effectively fall when strolling. Hypotonic cerebral paralysis results to frail and floppy muscles, while the hypertonic sort is portrayed by inflexible muscles (p. 14). The influenced parts might be depicted in the accompanying: 1.) monoplegia, just one arm or leg is influenced; 2.) diplegia, either the two arms or the two legs are influenced; 3.) triplegia, three appendages are influenced; 4.) quadriplegia, the two arms and the two legs, including the storage compartment are influenced; and 5.) hemiplegia, one arm and one leg on a similar side of the body are influenced (p. 15). Throughout the years, specialists have invested amounts of energy to decide the reasons for cerebral paralysis. It has been introduced that the condition is brought about by affronts on the creating mind happening previously, during, or after pregnancy. Explicit reasons why cerebral paralysis happens during pregnancy are not yet recognized, however potential causes are an imperfection in the cerebrum structure, contaminations taking a chance with the mother like German measles or herpes, maternal presentation to poisonous synthetic substances, current maternal

Satire and Epic Conventions

Alexander Pope was the creator who set the precedent of the Augustan Age. The sonnet ‘Rape of the Lock’ was provoked by a genuine episode when Arabella Lemore’s lock of hair was cut by Peter, another individual from the privileged family. This prompted the fight between the families and henceforth Pope was gathered to endeavor on compromise. The reality lies in a unimportant issue dramatically overemphasized. In any case, Pope broadened his graciousness in making a parody of all the potential individuals who established the eighteenth century blue-blooded society. The general public once lauded for its grandiose qualities came down to investing energy in unimportant issues. Pope strikingly depicts the control of Belinda who gets up late in view of having gone through a whole night seeking and charming men. After she awakens, she is distracted perusing the ‘billet-doux’ that she had gotten from her admirers. The sonnet as a counterfeit epic originates from the depiction of how the nobles invested energy playing a game of cards, a false epic fight. The general public Pope ridicules before long followed the brave epic time frame where fights were battled to shield respect and pride and saints became legends. Be that as it may, the general public Pope mocks missed the mark regarding epic greatness. Indeed, even ethics and qualities were dealt with carelessly. People enjoyed extra-conjugal undertakings that most spouses speculated that their wives went behind their back with their sweethearts. Ladies grieved over their late spouses, as much as they would over their lapdogs. Lawfulness was likewise on an imbalanced balance of equity since it was held by reckless appointed authorities who rushed to condemn without researching. Men of yesteryear showed their valor by being warriors however during Pope’s time men uncovered their gallantry by paying supplements to ladies, being a tease and betting. Through the character of Clarissa, who really helps in having Belinda’s hair style off by offering some scissors to Baron, and afterward prompts that Belinda should give more consideration to her temperances than surrendered to the vanities of her childhood. Since it’s the excellencies that will outlast her while everything else will blur away. The work of fake epic is utilize the structure to ridicule the general public. Pope unmistakably sent the message across to the privileged network through his parody and till day ‘The Rape of the Lock’ stays most well known content of the Augustan Age.

Ethical Egoism free essay sample

Envision that you’re strolling down a jam-packed road and an elderly person with sacks in her grasp is strolling towards you. The handles on her packs break, and every last bit of her assets go tumbling to the ground. Individuals stroll by, take a gander at her, and continue strolling. In contrast to them, you stop and assist her with getting everything. She just glances at you and says, â€Å"Thank you†. You grin at her and afterward proceed on your way, feeling greatly improved about yourself since you sufficiently minded to stop and help. A few people figure we should just do what is best for ourselves, yet I will introduce proof this is a misconception of morals and the mistaken method of moving toward morals. Moral selfishness doesn’t state that we must choose the option to act to our greatest advantage like mental vanity. Rather, it says that we should just do what is in our own levelheaded personal circumstance; this personal responsibility ought to be long haul. We will compose a custom paper test on Moral Egoism or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page For instance, a moral braggart understands that I ought to go to the dental specialist to get a pit evacuated despite the fact that it causes me torment since it can forestall much more agony later on. In this paper, I will clarify what moral pride is, give models why moral selfishness is off base, give models that help moral vanity, and explain why those reasons are off base. We have â€Å"natural duties† to others â€Å"simply in light of the fact that they are individuals who would benefit from outside intervention or hurt by our actions† (FE p. 113). At the end of the day, in the event that a specific activity on our part could support another, at that point this is a motivation behind why we should help other people. The interests of others tally from an ethical perspective, regardless of whether moral selfishness asserts that profound quality originates from doing what is to our greatest advantage; I don’t accept that valid. So: other peoples’ interests are critical and check from an ethical perspective. We can help other people. Subsequently, we should help other people. This contention would be a contention for benevolence. Some can't help contradicting it, to be specific moral vain people; as indicated by moral pride, â€Å"one has an ethical commitment to just serve and advance one’s own interests† (FE p. 107). The main contention I might want to expose is the contention from selflessness. It begins with three suppositions. 1.) We don't have the foggiest idea about the interests of others. Since we can't know others’ interests, we are probably going to flop in our endeavors to help other people. We are, in any case, in a decent situation to know our own advantages. 2.) Helping others is obtrusive. 3.) Helping others can be corrupting in the manner in which it says that theyâ are not skillful to think about themselves. From these suppositions, we get the accompanying contention: 1.) We ought to do whatever will advance the interests of everybody the same. 2.) The interests of others are best advanced if every one of us receives the arrangement of seeking after our own advantages. 3.) Thus, every one of us ought to receive the strategy of seeking after our own advantages only. Be that as it may, counter is very straightforward. The above contention isn't a vain argumentâ€it’s really an unselfish one. Notice that in spite of the fact that the end says that we should act vainly, the end is driven by the inspiration of selflessness (in premise 1). So it truly says, â€Å"In request to be effectively selfless, everybody should go about as an egoist.† Thomas Hobbes’s contention says that sound judgment moral instincts can generally be clarified as far as moral vanity. We ought to do certain things (like come clean, don’t execute, and so on.) in light of the fact that over the long haul they serve our inclinations. Instances of those would be on the off chance that we make a propensity for hurting others, individuals will be hesitant to support us or avoid hurting us (in this way it is to our greatest advantage not to hurt others), and on the off chance that we lie to individuals, we will get a terrible notoriety so individuals won’t be straightforward with us therefore (consequently it is in our own eventual benefits to be honest). Hobbes’s contention looks something like this: 1.) If it serves my own advantages to receive some â€Å"altruistic principles,† then I ought to embrace some philanthropic standards. 2.) It serves my own advantages (as in the models gave above) to receive some â€Å"altruistic principles.†.) taking everything into account, I ought to embrace some charitable standards (Hobbes, EL, p. 120). Hobbes’s contention is the converse of the contention from unselfishness. (We start with proud inspirations and objectives, and wind up acting like altruists.) An incredible case of why moral pride doesn’t work lies in prejudice. Why doesn’t bigotry work? Since it guarantees that one groups’ interests are a higher priority than another’s yet neglects to have the option to show that the one gathering has properties which are remarkable in the feeling of demonstrating that they’re progressively significant. Presently shouldn't something be said about pride? It necessitates that we accept that from each person’s point of view, their own advantages are a higher priority than everybody else’s. In the event that this is along these lines, we should have the option to think of some remarkable contrasts between oneself as well as other people to ground it. Else, it is the same than bigotry. Nonetheless, a moral self seeker could essentially say it is in reality to our greatest advantage to place our own advantages above everybody else’s. If everybody somehow managed to do that, we would all be of the equivalent significance. Presently, I’m going to coordinate a contention for moral pride that I learned in a financial matters class. It’s called the undetectable hand, which is a financial hypothesis that asserts that we ought to expect a prosperous society from reasonably self-intrigued people inspired by benefit who go after business. The undetectable hand is a contention for moral vanity in such a case that the imperceptible hand contention is sound, moral vanity inside a free enterprise economy prompts thriving. Moral pride is supported by the undetectable hand contention as long as it expects individuals to follow up on the benefit thought process, have sane personal circumstance and has definitely no requirement for sympathy. Moral pride could be utilized for down to earth reasons in light of the fact that ordinary dynamic isn't really good with a finished good hypothesis. There may be a type of moral pride that urges us to have sympathy, help other people, and post for the interests of others, however the vanity supported by the â€Å"invisible hand† isn't that kind of vanity. Rather, it requires an increasingly egotistical and unadulterated type of selfishness. This sort of pride is unrealistic on the grounds that we for the most part hurt others precisely when we think it’s to our greatest advantage to do as such, and it appears to be bogus in light of the fact that it appears to be improbable that stinging others could never be in our own personal circumstance. Regardless of whether you accept the ethical activity is seeking after your own personal circumstance only or that doing the ethical thing is just making the best decision with respect to others’ needs, ethics are and consistently have been a confused issue. We are raised with ethics, advised to comply with the ethical laws, we wed individuals with a similar virtues that we groups, and afterward give our virtues to our kids. In spite of the fact that there are positives to moral selfishness, for example, just being liable for your own personal circumstances, I don’t accept it’s the right way to deal with morals. I put stock in unselfishness, and it just takes one individual doing a really benevolent act to refute moral selfishness.

Essay of Argument Samples - How to Make Sure You Have Enough Essay of Argument Samples

Essay of Argument Samples - How to Make Sure You Have Enough Essay of Argument SamplesYou've spent hours refining the parts of your essay of argument that will stick out and it looks like you've finally decided on a topic for your work. But there's still one thing that I've found aggravating: you can't seem to find enough essay of argument samples. This means you are taking in more than enough content to get your essay done but can't seem to find a sample essay that is strong enough to get the job done. If you are having trouble getting through your essay of argument, here are a few things you can do to help ensure that you end up with the strongest essay possible.One: Once you've decided on the topic of your essay of argument, take the time to read through the sample essays that are available. Go over them one by one, identifying the key points of each. These key points can be key to your overall success as an essay of argument writer.Two: You should always be thinking of ways to en hance your essay of argument and not just mere copy. Here are a few tips to keep in mind:In addition to simply taking the time to read and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the essay of argument, you'll want to create a style and theme for your essay of argument. A theme could be to use one or two short sentences, describing the reason for writing the essay, as well as linking the reader to other essays that share this same purpose. Similarly, you could use some of the argumentative statements from other essays in your own essay of argument to further develop your main points. In addition, you may want to build upon these themes by adding in a supporting quote to further emphasize or support a specific point you are making.Three: After you've identified the key arguments you need to include in your essay of argument, you'll also want to make sure that you research the subject thoroughly. Even if you have a plan for how you are going to discuss the topic, it's imperative that you spend time researching what it is you will be discussing before you begin writing.Also, make sure that your essay of argument samples contain all of the information that is required in order to successfully write and deliver your essay of argument. This includes lists of dates, subjects, and keywords so that you can easily reference them later on. As well, make sure that you include a preface that summarizes what you will be covering in your essay of argument, and that you follow this with an introduction that provides readers with a short synopsis of the information provided in the body of the essay.Finally, make sure that you format your essay of argument samples so that they are easy to read. If you have a computer and are able to use word processing software, you should have no problem creating an easy-to-read paper. Simply use a font that is legible, and when your essay of argument samples are all linked together, you will be able to achieve the strong outline you need for your essay of argument.Once you have your essay of argument samples in hand, you will have all of the tools you need to succeed in this task. Furthermore, you will also be able to give yourself the best chance of achieving your goal of writing a powerful essay of argument. Just remember to always review your essay of argument samples and to continue to work on honing your own writing skills and developing a strong outline of the facts and details surrounding your topic.

2020 Best Undergraduate B-Schools How We Crunched The Numbers

2020 Best Undergraduate B-Schools: How We Crunched The Numbers by: Nathan Allen on December 20, 2019 | 0 Comments Comments 8,904 Views December 20, 2019Theres no way around it. Rankings can be a controversial thing. And to be sure, theres no perfect way of measuring the quality of a business school. Business schools are very complicated. And while many share some commonalities, the truth is, many of the schools ranked in our fourth annual  PoetsQuants Best Undergraduate Business Schools are very different.Still, we believe generally, the quality of business education comes down to three core issues: the quality of the raw talent coming through the door, what a school does with that talent over four years, and finally how the marketplace responds to the graduates coming off campus. In other words, what’s the quality of the incoming students, what is their view of the academic experience, and what career outcomes are achieved by the graduating class.And that is exactly th e approach we take in what we sincerely believe is the best ranking of undergraduate programs currently available. This year, we ranked 97 different business schools in the U.S., which is up from 88 schools last year and our largest number of schools to be ranked so far.In the world of undergraduate business education, there is only one other ranking that matters:  U.S. News World Report.  The  U.S. News  list, however, is merely a subset of data from its overall university rankings. Largely a popularity contest, it is solely based on a poll of deans and senior faculty members, most of whom have little to no knowledge of the programs at rival schools. Asking deans to rate other schools is less a measure of a school’s reputation than it is a collection of prejudices partly based on the self-fulfilling prophecy of  U.S. News’ own rankings.SEVERAL DEANS ASKED US TO CREATE THE RANKINGLike other years, in creating our 2020 ranking of undergraduate business school s, we invested considerable time and effort into putting together a well-balanced approach that was both fair and thorough. We equally weigh admission standards, the full academic experience, and employment outcomes from data that is specific to each business program — not the overall university to which it is attached. That is an important distinction because gathering such information as average SAT scores and starting salaries and bonuses, among other things, is not readily available anywhere else. Admission standards, an assessment of the academic experience and employment outcomes of a business program are critical factors of the quality of the educational experience. Excluding any one of them would result in a disingenuous effort to rank the very best schools.We made one major tweak to this year’s methodology, but nothing that would dramatically change our approach. We included all schools that submitted school surveys. In previous years weve not included schools that failed to meet a minimum 10% response rate. Of the 97 schools ranked this year, 83 met the minimum 10% response rate. Since we could not include data from the alumni survey for the schools that did not meet the minimum response rate, those schools finished lower than they likely wouldve if they had alumni survey results.Overall,   Of those 88 schools, 49,215 alums had the opportunity to provide responses to the survey about the academic and co-curricular experience of their higher education. Of those, 5,958 responded for an overall response rate of 12.11%.ADMISSIONS STANDARDS (33.3%)A vital factor in judging any higher education effort is the quality of the incoming students. After all, a tremendous amount of learning — both academic and social — occur as a result of the quality of your classmates. We agree with that old cliche about playing a sport with people who are equal or better than you. If you play with someone you can always beat, you’ll never r each a level of personal excellence.We relied on three metrics to measure admissions: The average SAT scores for the latest entering class, given a 35% weight in the admissions category; the percentage of the graduating class of 2017 who finished in the top 10% of their high school class, accounting for another 35% of the category; and finally the acceptance rate for the business school program, weighted at 30%.In several instances, prospective students must pass two hurdles to get into a business school program: First, the university admissions standards and then the business school’s own admissions criteria. We used both acceptance rates to calculate the actual odds of admission for students entering a two-year business program in their junior year.This data was gathered through a survey that was completed by 96 schools. We used publicly available admissions data for the University of California-Berkeley Haas School of Business acceptance rate.ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE (33.3%)No study of undergraduate business programs would be complete without an assessment of the academic and extracurricular elements of the educational experience. So we sent surveys to alumni of each school to determine how satisfied they were on every level of that experience. When we first designed the rankings methodology, deans from various business schools suggested that we choose alumni who had been away from their schools for two years. That would give them ample time to road-test their education, to give an accurate assessment of how well prepared they were for the world of work.Our survey asked 17 core questions of graduates, each rated on a one-to-ten scale of satisfaction (weighted 80%). For the full list of questions and the graded results, see â€Å"TK Report Card Article.† We also asked alumni whether they had a â€Å"significant experience,† defined as a major consulting project, thesis, or other program feature instrumental to their professional development, or a meaningful global immersion (weighted 10%). Lastly, we asked if their first jobs after graduation were in their desired job functions, industries, and companies (weighted 10%).As noted earlier, the most important change in this year’s ranking is including schools that did not meet the minimum alumni response rate, but without their alumni data.EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES (33.3%)Students who go to business school expect to get a job not long after graduating. Summer internships are a key way to open the door to a full-time job opportunity. So our employment outcomes category is based on three metrics: the percentage of the latest graduating class (the Class of 2019) to gain jobs within 90 days, weighted 50%; the average salary and bonus for the latest graduating class, adjusted by the percentage of graduates awarded a bonus, weighted 30%, and finally, the percentage of the Class of 2019 that had internships before their senior year, weighted at 20%.THE FINAL RANKINGThe results of all three categories measured were then combined equally to determine an overall ranking. In each category, index scores were created to give credit to one school’s lead over others. We publish the numerical ranking with underlying index scores so that readers can determine how useful an actual ranking could be in relation to the other schools on the list. It’s important to note that there are nearly 700 undergraduate business programs accredited by the AACSB. The business schools singled out in our debut ranking are all extraordinary, each in the top tenth percentile of accredited schools.Ultimately, this ranking and the mountains of data we are publishing is an effort to more fully inform prospective students and their parents to make the best educational decisions possible. Page 1 of 11

Homiletics Definition and Examples

Homiletics is the practice and study of the art of preaching; the rhetoric of the sermon. The foundation for homiletics lay in the epideictic variety of classical rhetoric. Beginning in the late Middle Ages and continuing to the present day, homiletics has commanded a great deal of critical attention.But as James L. Kinneavy has observed, homiletics isnt just a Western phenomenon: Indeed, nearly all of the major world religions have involved persons trained to preach (Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, 1996). See Examples and Observations, below. Etymology:From the Greek, conversation Examples and Observations: The Greek word homilia signifies conversation, mutual talk, and so familiar discourse. The Latin word sermo (from which we get sermon) has the same sense, of conversation, talk, discussion. It is instructive to observe that the early Christians did not at first apply to their public teachings the names given to the orations of Demosthenes and Cicero, but called them talks, familiar discourses. Under the influence of rhetorical teaching and the popularizing of Christian worship, the talk soon became a more formal and extended discourse . . ..Homiletics may be called a branch of rhetoric, or a kindred art. Those fundamental principles which have their basis in human nature are of course the same in both cases, and this being so it seems clear that we must regard homiletics as rhetoric applied to this particular kind of speaking. Still, preaching is properly very different from secular discourse, as to the primary source of its materials, as to the directness and simplicity of style whi ch become the preacher, and the unworldly motives by which he ought to be influenced.(John A. Broadus, On the Preparation and Delivery of Sermons, 1870)Medieval Preaching ManualsThematic preaching was not directed at converting the audience. The congregation was assumed to believe in Christ, as the vast majority of people in medieval Europe did. The preacher instructs them about the meaning of the Bible, with emphasis on moral action. Just as dictamen combined features of rhetoric, social status, and law to meet a perceived need in writing letters, so the preaching manuals drew on a variety of disciplines to outline their new technique. Biblical exegesis was one; scholastic logic was another--thematic preaching, with its succession of definitions, divisions, and syllogism can be regarded as a more popular form of scholastic disputation; and a third was rhetoric as known from Cicero and Boethius, seen in rules for arrangement and style. There was also some influence from grammar and other liberal arts in the amplification of divisions of the theme.Handbooks of preaching were very common in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. No one of them, however, was widely circulated to become the standard work on the subject.(George A. Kennedy, Classical Rhetoric Its Christian Secular Tradition. University of North Carolina Press, 1999)Homiletics From the 18th Century to the PresentHomiletics [in the 18th and 19th centuries] increasingly became a species of rhetoric, preaching became pulpit oratory, and sermons became moral discourses. Less bound to classical rhetorical models, zealous fundamentalist and 20th-century homileticians adapted various inductive, narrative-based sermon strategies derived, respectively, from biblical models (jeremiad, parable, Pauline exhortation, revelation) and theories of mass communication.(Gregory Kneidel, Homiletics. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. by T.O. Sloane. Oxford University Press, 2001)African-American PreachingAfrican American pr eaching, unlike some of the straitjacket preaching of traditional Eurocentric homiletics, is an oral and gestural activity. This does not mean that it is not an intellectual activity, but in the tradition of African American preaching and the language of the Black church, the activity of the limbs contributes to the meaning of preaching by creating a dialogue with the self and the hearer. This is a critical, albeit ancillary, element of African American preaching and often helps to make the more substantive theological and hermeneutical ingredients more palatable because they become integrated into the whole preaching process.(James H. Harris, The Word Made Plain: The Power and Promise of Preaching. Augsburg Fortress, 2004)Active voice is more alive than passive.Dont use a 50 ¢ word when a 5 ¢ word will do.Remove unnecessary occurrences of that and which.Remove unnecessary or assumable information and get to the point.Use dialogue for added interest and life.Dont waste words.Use contractions where appropriate.Verbs are more alive than nouns.Accentuate the positive.Avoid the literary sound.Avoid clichà ©s.Remove forms of the verb to be whenever possible.Rules for Contemporary PreachersHere . . . are the Rules weve come up with for writing for the ear. . . . Adopt them or adapt them as you see fit. And with each sermon manuscript you write, pray the Lord will make you clear, concise, and directed toward the needs of your flock.(G. Robert Jacks, Just Say the Word!: Writing for the Ear. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1996) Pronunciation: hom-eh-LET-iks

7 Buildings (1 Mosque) You Wont See at Ground Zero

What Is the Most Electronegative Element

What is the most electronegative element? Electronegativity is one measure of an elements ability to form chemical bonds by attracting an electron. Here is a look at the most electronegative element and an explanation for why it has such high electronegativity. Why Fluorine Is the Most Electronegative Element Fluorine is the most electronegative element. Fluorine has an electronegativity of 3.98 on the Pauling Electronegativity Scale and a valence of 1. A fluorine atom needs one electron to fill its outer electron shell and achieve stability, which is why free fluorine exists as the F- ion. Other highly electronegative elements are oxygen and chlorine. The element hydrogen does not have as high of electronegativity because, although it has a half-filled shell, it readily loses an electron rather than gains one. Under certain conditions, hydrogen does form the H- ion rather than H. In general, all elements of the halogen element group have high electronegativity values. The nonmetals to the left of the halogens on the periodic table also have fairly high electronegativities. Elements belonging to the noble gas group have very low electronegativity values because they have complete valence electron shells. More About Electronegativity Most Electropositive Element: The opposite of electronegativity is electropositivity. Learn which element is the most electropositive or has the lowest electronegativity.Electronegativity Periodic Table: This handy table lists all of the electronegativity values of the elements. The values can be used to predict whether two atoms will form ionic or covalent bonds.Periodic Table Trends: Electronegativity is one of the trends seen in the organization of the elements in the periodic table.

The Gothic Genre Of Hell Hath No Fury Essay - 1681 Words

In this pre-rational, I will explore the Gothic genre in regards to its history, development, key elements that identify literature as Gothic, and authors that made this genre successful. Next, I will examine the themes and content of my chosen text Dracula and how it salsify the gothic literature criteria. I will also discuss a handful of recent adaptations based on Stoker’s Dracula; how varies interpretation flourished, as well as what I have learned from them. Finally, I will explain the development of my creative piece, Hell Hath No Fury; outlining the concept of the story, how I am changing the gothic genre, the research I have done so far and will need to do, and why I have chosen to do this. We understand Gothic literature as a combination of horror and romanticism. Having said that, it was in the hands of Edgar Allan Poe when gothic began its association with horror. However, Goth was originally defined â€Å"in the terms of Dr. Johnson’s Dictionary of 1775, as ‘one not civilized, one deficient in general knowledge, a barbarian,† which is due to its medieval background as â€Å"invaders and destroyers of the great Roman civilization.† Appropriate, considering how it unsettles the Victorian psyche. Gothic and Victorians go hand in hand, despite the first gothic text, The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole was published in 1764. Not to mention, its relationship with the supernatural world. Authors such as Mary Shelley, Charles Dickens and Ann Radcliffe made this genre

Brand Design A Role On The Customers Purchasing Decision

1a. What is your research topic about? Brand design plays a crucial role on the customers’ purchasing decision. The brand design is the tool to promote a product by any organisation that can either attract the customers or resist them to buy the product. The chosen topic is considered to evaluate the importance of branding for any product in UK and US. As opined by Kapferer (2012, p.76), Brand Design is important when trying to market a new product or service in the market, which is new or already exists. Customer buying behaviour is dependent on many factors among which the brand design is most important. In UK and US, normally customer purchases any product based on their requirements or forced to buy the product with inspired by its promotion or brand design. In this context, brand design is one of the most important tools that can compel the customers to purchase a product without requirement (Schudson, 2013, p.36). 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Bangladesh Public Service Commission free essay sample

In Bangladesh, the entire framework for personnel management is a unified process. For a country to develop and keep up with the times, it is necessary that it creates a working infrastructure. It is the countrys public services sector that is concerned with this. Public services in Bangladesh are services provided by the government to the community. The Ministry of Establishment and Public Service Commission are managing the entire personnel activities of Public sectors. The Bangladesh Public Service Commission plays a vital role in recruitment, promotion, discipline, posting and transfer of government servants. This constitutional body ensures that decisions relating to the public services sector are made in line with equity and merit. Bangladesh Public Service Commission: Bangladesh Public Service Commission (BPSC), established as an independent agency, is responsible for upholding merit in the staffing system of Bangladesh Civil service. It is primarily responsible for laying the foundation of the civil service through fair recruitment and selection of civil service officials that ultimately lays the foundation for good governance. This is why effectiveness, efficiency, accountability and transparency of BPSC are of utmost importance. Bangladesh Public Service Commission is a constitutional body established primarily to recruit persons for various services and posts in the government. It is also involved in decision processes relating to other service matters such as promotion, posting, transfer, discipline, and appeal of the government servants. The main purpose of constituting such a body, designated in most countries of British heritage as civil or public service commission, is to ensure that all decisions relating to recruitment and other service matters are made consistent with the principles of merit and equity. In Bangladesh, this body is presently designated as the Bangladesh Public Service Commission (BPSC). The secretariat for the PSC is provided by officers on deputation from the Bangladesh civil service (BCS). It has two key constitutional functions: recruitment of civil servants; and an advisory/regulatory role with regards to the employment of civil servants. Recruitment – Class 1 Officers (roughly 8% of all civil servants and the key decision makers – all the administrative cadre are Class 1 officers) are ecruited directly by the PSC through open competitive examination into 29 cadres and other government services. Numbers to be recruited are determined by the MOE which gathers the requirements for recruitment from the various ministries and government bodies. It then advises the PSC about how many to recruit for the various cadres. Recruitment follows Bangladesh Civil Service Recruitment Rules. Constitutional and Legal Framework The position, status, scope and functio ns of PSC have been clearly determined by the Constitution of Bangladesh. Articles 137 to 141 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh set out in clear and unambiguous terms the scheme for the establishment of the Commission(s), appointment and re-appointment of Chairman and Members, conditions of appointment, terms of office, provisions of resignation, functions of the Commission, and annual report. PSC in the Constitution of Bangladesh Article 137. Establishment of Commissions Provision shall be made by law for establishing one or more public service commissions for Bangladesh, each of which shall consist of a chairman and such other members as shall be Prescribed by law. 38. Appointment of members (1) The chairman and other members of each public service commission shall be appointed by the President. Provided that not less than one-half of the members of a commission shall be persons who have held office for twenty years or more in the service of any government which has at any time functioned within the territory of Bangladesh . (2) Subject to any law made by Parliament the conditions of service of the chairman and other members of a public service commission shall be such as the President may, by order, determine. 39. Term of office (1) The term of office of the chairman and other members of a public service commission shall, subject to the provisions of this article, expire five years after the date on which he entered upon his office, or when he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier; (2) The chairman and other members of such a commission shall be removed from office except in like manner and on he like grounds as a judge of the[Supreme Court]. 3) A chairman or other member of a public service commission may resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the President. (4) On ceasing to hold office a member of a public service commission shall not be eligible for further employment in the service of the Republic, but, subject to the provisions of clause (1) (a) a chairman so ceasing shall be eligible for re-appointment for one further term; and (b) a member (other than the chairman) so ceasing shall be eligible for re appointment for one further term or for appointment as chairman of a public service commission. 40. Functions of Commissions (1) The functions of a public service commission shall be- (a) to conduct tests examinations for the selection of suitable persons for appointment of the service of the Republic;(b) to advise the President on any matter on which the commission is consulted under clause (2) or on any matter connected with its functions which is referred to the commission by the President; and (c) such other functions as may be prescribed by law. 2) Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament, and any regulation (not inconsistent with such law) which may be made by the President after consultation with a commission, the President shall consult a commission with respect to- (a) matters relating to qualifications for, and methods of recruitment to, the service of the Republic; (b) the principles to be followed in making appointments to that service and promotions and transfers from one branch of the service to another, and the suitability of candidates for such appointment, promotions and transfers; (c) matters affecting the terms and conditions (including person rights) of that service; and (d) the discipline of the service. 141. Annual report (1) Each commission shall, not later than the first day of March each year, prepare and submit to the President a report of the performance of its functions during the period ended on the previous 31st day of December. (2) The report shall be accompanied by a memorandum setting out, so far as is known to the commission- (a) the cases, if any, in which its advise was not accepted and the reasons why it was not accepted; (b) the cases where the ommission ought to have been consulted and was not consulted, and the reasons why it was not consulted. (3) The Presid ent shall cause the report and memorandum to be laid before Parliament at its first meeting held after 31st March in the year in which the report was submitted. Roles of the PSC: The scope and functions of the PSC have been designed largely in keeping with PSC rules under the Government of India Act of 1919 and 1935, and East Pakistan Public Service Commission (EPPSC) with little bit modification by the government of Bangladesh. According to the existing Constitutional and legal provisions, PSC is essentially an advisory, consultative and ‘quasi-judicial’ body rather than an executive one. In other words, PSC was not given executive power to control civil services as contemplated by the Act of 1919 and Lee Commission. 30 The scope and functions of the PSC is limited to giving recommendations and advice on civil service management related issues e. g. , framing recruitment rules and procedures; recruitment, promotion, transfer, discipline, and give advise the President on any matter related to the civil service. However, the PSC may ask the concerned ministries or authorities which does not accept its advice to explain (a) the reasons why it was not accepted; (b) the cases where the commission ought to have been consulted but was not consulted, and (c) the reasons why it was not consulted. In this connection, Ahmed (1990:20) viewed that the effectiveness of the PSC depends on the unwritten but firmly established convention that the advice of a Commission is accepted as a matter of course. Although PSC is an independent Constitutional body, and its independence and autonomy have been guaranteed under provisions made in the Constitution and President’s Orders, as per Schedule I of the Rules of Business (issued in 1975), the Ministry of Establishment solely controls the policy decisions, composition, administration and financial matters of the Commission. The Establishment Division of the ministry interprets and determines the broad scope of functional responsibilities of PSC through issuing various orders, instructions, memoranda, circulars and so forth. 1 the functional jurisdiction of the Commission now covers only gazetted Class I and Class II officers belonging to government bodies. The major functions of PSC are as follows: Framing Recruitment Rules: The role of PSC in framing recruitment rules for both cadre and non-cadre officials are clearly specified in the Constitution. Accordingly, in January 1981, the Ministry of Establishment made a comprehensive set of recruitment rules titled The Establishment Manual of 1980 with due consultation with the PSC. In fact, as the first ever in Bangladesh, this manual clearly fixed the number of posts in cadre services, specified recruitment methods, age limit and qualifications of the candidates. As an advisory body, the PSC gives advice to the various ministries/divisions and attached departments on framing recruitment related rules for the services/posts under their control including matters relating to (i) the determination of qualifications for and methods of recruitment to such services/posts; (ii) principles to be followed in making recruitments, promotions and transfers to and within such services/posts under the government. Recruitment of Suitable Candidates for the Public Services The PSC is responsible for conducting competitive tests and examinations for the selection of most competent persons for the 1st Class gazetted and non-gazetted posts/positions of the Republic. The PSC has the legal mandate to select the suitable persons and give recommendation for appointment to the concerned ministry or departments. This is being done through the following methods since 1972. Examinations: No recruitment policy or procedure was made till 1981 for recruitment of first class gazetted civil servants of the republic. As a result, PSC arranged competitive examinations for the recruitment of 1st class gazetted officers in different names during 1972-1981. The recruitment rules for the selection of civil servants were made in 1981. Under these rules, the first BCS examination was conducted in 1983. Similar examinations have continued till today. Selection/Interview: Interview is a widely practiced method for recruitment of civil servants for the republic. It has been observed that about 55 percent of all recruitments through interview have been done by the governments during 1977-1985. Promotion: The ME sends list of the proposed candidates to the Commission together with their service documents, service records (Annual Confidential Reports ACR) and recruitment rules. The Commission gives advice to the President in respect of the candidates who are recommended depending on whether they have the requisite character and ability for the service or post for which they are proposed for appointment. Transfer and Ad Hoc Appointments: For appointments by transfer and deputation of persons from one service to another and to recruit persons on ad hoc basis, the concerned ministry/departments seek recommendations from the PSC via the ME. The Commission advises the President in respect of any candidate nominated if his/her qualifications are sufficient and if his/her record proves him/her to have the requisite character and ability for the post. Giving Advice on Disciplinary, Appeal and Memorial Matters As per provision made by the Constitution of Bangladesh, PSC carries out departmental inquiries into disciplinary and appeal matters of the pubic services and gives recommendations to the concerned ministries for necessary departmental actions. Preparing and Submitting Annual Report Preparing annual report on the performance of Commission’s functions (year long activities of the PSC) and then submitting it to the President of the Republic is a mandatory function of the PSC. A number of limitations were identified with regard to the annual reports of the PSC. ?It was observed that the annual reports of successive years same issues are repeated. This reflects the fact that preparation of annual report by PSC is almost as a routine work. ?Information about the number of recommendations under quota is absent. ?The reports hardly have detail discussion on (a) the cases, if any, in which its advise was not accepted and the reasons why it was not accepted; (b) the cases where the Commission ought to have been consulted and was not consulted, and the reasons why it was not consulted. The annual report provides only a descriptive list of the Chairman and Members, officers and staff but contains no information about their job description and previous professional b ackground as well as their outstanding achievements. From the above discussion, it is evident that the PSC works as an ‘advisory’, ‘consultative’ and ‘quasi-judicial’ body rather than an executive one. The functions are clearly described by constitutional mandates, government orders and establishment manuals of the country. Problems of the PSC As an important institution under the NIS, the PSC should follow the basic principles of a public service managing authority. The PSC should be detached from the political government, and the recruitment to service should be by open competition based on ideals of a non-partisan career civil service. Constitutional and Legal Limitations The following constitutional and legal limitations have been identified that paved the way towards irregularities and corruption in the PSC. Insufficient Qualification and Eligibility Criteria: It is observed that the existing qualification and eligibility criteria are not sufficient for selecting competent persons as Chairmen and Members. Absence of a Transparent Selection Procedure: Since 1972, the whole process of selection of Chairman and Members has shown an absolute lack of transparency. Under the existing Constitutional mandate, the appointment of Chairman and Members are made by the President of the Republic in accordance with advice from the Prime Minister. Accordingly, the appointments for these Constitutional positions completely depend on the will of the Chief Executive of the country. The common people are kept in the dark about how a person is selected as Chairman or Member of the Commission. Due to lack of specific selection procedure and qualification criteria, is observed that protagonist bureaucrats (civil and military) and university teachers having close connection, loyalty or trust of influential ministers, Prime Minister’s Office, influential leaders of pro-ruling party professional bodies (e. g. University teachers’ associations, student wings) have become Chairmen and Members of the Commission since 1972. Among those who were appointed as Members since 1996, 74% had formal political positions in their respective associations, or relatives of leaders of the ruling party/alliance, while the rest are known to have high political connections which attributed to their becoming Members. Absence of Accountability Measures for Chairman and Members: Any specific legal provision or guidelines for ensuring the accountability of Chairman and Members do not exist. Few Such absence of accountability measures may encourage a section of Members along with the Chairman to be involved in unconstitutional activities and irregularities such as involvement in political campaign. Lower Rank of the Chairman and Members: The Chairman and Members of the PSC hold the lowest status among the constitutional bodies of Bangladesh. The rank of the Members is lower than that of the additional secretaries to the government. It is identified that the undermined positions of PSC Chairman and Members in the Warrant of Precedence have created opportunity for interference by the bureaucracy upon the PSC in discharging its functions as mandated by the Constitution. Weak Mechanism for Removal or Termination: Through the existing provisions, it is difficult to remove or terminate a corrupt Chairman or Member. Although there have been allegations against the PSC Chairman and some of the Members, the President of the Republic has not taken any initiative to investigate the allegations and take disciplinary action. Absence of Operations Principles: The PSC does not have any operations principles, vision and mission of the Commission. This dearth has been considered as opportunities by the consecutive governments to sway from the core principles of the public service. Lack of Access to Information: The right to access to information is considered an integral part of freedom of expression and fundamental human rights which lays the foundation good governance, and builds a relationship of trust with the pubic. The Council of Europe (COE), the Organization of American States (OAS) and the African Nations, and more than sixty countries (including India, Nepal and Pakistan) have made provisions for freedom of information for all. Denial of Right to Justice Under the existing provisions no examinee can challenge any decision related to BCS or any other exam/test conducted by the PSC. The decision(s) taken by the PSC regarding examinations will be considered as absolute. This created a great deal of opportunities for irregularities. Dependency on the Government The relationship between PSC and the government has been a controversial issue since the establishment of the first PSC in British India on 1 October 1926. However, according to the functions of the PSC, the following issues reflect PSC’s dependence upon the government: ? PSC is a division under the Ministry of Establishment. No legal provision has yet been made to establish PSC as a separate entity, which will be accountable to the National Parliament and President simultaneously; ? PSC is a Constitutional body to give support to the central public personnel organ of the government; ? It ives only recommendations on appointment, disciplinary, promotion, transfer cases related to the 1st class gazetted and non-gazetted civil servants of the republic; ? PSC gives recommendations to the Ministry of Establishment on service-related issues only after request from the ministry; and ? PSC has no role in implementing its recommendations sent to the ministry on service-related matters. Financial Dependence: The Commission has no freedom in its budgetary and financial matters. All financial issues relating to its revenue expenditure including capital expenditure for any development scheme is controlled by the Ministry of Establishment. All income of the PSC (e. g. application fees and examination charges realized from the examinees) goes to the government treasury. Moreover, the PSC depends on the Ministry of Establishment for sanctioning the house rent, traveling allowances and medical benefits for its Chairman, Members and staff. In fact, by controlling the financial and administrative matters of PSC, the independence of commission, is thereby denied. Lack of Accountability Measures Little Role played by the Parliament: The Parliamentary Standing Committee on the Ministry of Establishment (PSCME) under no legal provision can on the specific role and functions of. Due to this gap, the PSCME cannot take any effective initiative to combat irregularities in the PSC. Even due to sheer majority, attempts by some of the MPs to establish accountability for Chairman and Members of the Commission failed. Controversial Role of Few Members and Chairmen: In recent years, PSC Chairmen and Members have faced a lot of criticism due to their controversial activities. A Member of the PSC took part in electoral campaign in 2006, as he sought nomination from the four-party alliance. Another member expressed his gratefulness to the Prime Minister and the Mayor of a city corporation at a public meeting in March 2006. The Bureau of Anti-Corruption (now Anti-corruption Commission) filed cases against a former Chairman of the PSC for alleged involvement in appointing persons in government service under freedom fighters quota through fake documents. Politicized Confidential Section: Pro-ruling party staff is usually transferred to the Confidential Section immediately after taking over by a new government. This is done to ensure partisan recruitments without facing any trouble. Irregularities in Examination Related Issues Recruitment System under the BCS Examination Process: 1. the examination system is archaic and outdated lacking the scope of proper assessment of the competency of candidates, 2. Because of lack of transparent assessment criteria for examinations, there is scope of irregularities and corruption in the recruitment process, 3. there have been blatant examples of partisan Irregularities in BCS examination: 1. Contractual selection based on transaction of bribery is rampant. a. Contract in getting attractive cadres for those who made it to the merit list i. Administration/Police Cadre: Tk. 5-7 lac ii. Customs/Tax: Tk. 8-10 lac iii. Professional Cadre: Tk. 2-3 lac b. Contract for selecting candidates who failed to make it to the merit list i. Administration/Police Cadre: Tk. 8-10 lac ii. Customs/Tax: Tk. 10-12 lac iii. Professional Cadre: Tk. 3-5 lac 2. The Leakage of question paper has been happening on regular basis since the 24th BCS examination. 3. Seat allocation is also done with bribe. 4. Exam scripts are submitted without appearing at the exam hall. Exam scripts are changed on payment basis. 5. Merit list and results are changed. Successful candidates are dropped from merit list by adding new candidates on payment of bribe and on political consideration. 6. High marks are given arbitrarily in Viva Voce to the candidates under contract or to political cadres and activists. 7. Candidates are asked to answer controversial questions like who is the declarer of independence of Bangladesh. 8. Pressures to recruit persons belonging to lists sent from the high command of the ruling party. 9. Candidates are called by PSC Members at the commission for negotiation. 10. Selection allowed with fake certificate since 20th BCS examination. 11. Documents of BCS examination are destroyed without maintaining proper procedures (e. g. , Secretariat Regulations 1974). 12. Candidates are not provided with mark-sheets. 13. PSC never publishes data on the specific quota of recommended candidates Quota system: 1. The quota system is implemented without transparency. 2. Outcome of the quota policy has never been made public by PSC or MOE. Official documents, gazette notifications do not have data regarding quota of the BCS cadres. 3. Discrimination against Institutional Limitations Recruitment, Promotion Transfer of Internal Staff on Political Consideration: The first recruitment rules for recruitment of officers and employees in PSC were made in April 22, 1982. 20 It is observed that since 1991, the recruitment of PSC staff (especially the 1st 2nd class officers) has been done on political consideration. Officers considered as barriers/threats against the interests of the ruling party have been made Officers on Special Duty (OSD) and sent back to the Ministry of Establishment. Limited Career of the PSC Officials: The highest level of position for the 1st class officers of the PSC Secretariat is limited up to the Controller of the Commission. 121 Joint Secretaries (or above) of the Government has been given appointment as Secretary of the Commission through transfer or deputation since 1972, for which position the PSC staff are not considered. Syndicates in PSC: The non-transferable nature of the job, the officers and employees of the PSC Secretariat has led to the emergence of syndicates in the PSC. These syndicates are so strong that even the Chairman cannot take any action against these groups. No Capacity-building Program for the PSC Staff: there is a training program for improving the capacity of the Commission’s officers and employees. It is learnt that the lack of capacity building program in PSC is to some extent responsible for delaying the result of various exams. Lack of Modern Technology and Documentation: The Commission seriously lacks modern technical support. Major activities of the administration, accounting and library sections are done manually. A network based management information system is absent in the PSC. There is also a serious lack of proper documentation. Research Section: The Research Section has not yet conducted any research on the trend of the representation of the population, in terms of religion, ethnicity and sex of the recommended BCS posts. No substantial study on problems/limitations of the ongoing operations of the PSC has been carried out since its establishment in 1972. Library: The library of the PSC is inaccessible for the common people. It is not modernized and the PSC seems to have no plan to turn it into a modern library. No Printing Press for the PSC: Printing press is required to print question papers every year for various competitive tests and exams conducted by the PSC. Still it has to depend on the BG Press to print all these. However, there are risks of leakage of question papers in printing these outside BG Press. Inadequate Office Equipments: The number of photocopier, scanner, fax machine, selves/racks, space for storage of the exam scripts and documents of the examinees are inadequate. Recommendations The following recommendations have been made with regard to ensuring good governance within the PSC. Re-Constitution of the Commission and Punishment of the Corrupt 1. The PSC should be reconstituted immediately composed of a Chairperson and Members with impeccable professional excellence and undisputed integrity, efficiency and credibility. 2. A Special Committee should be formed to accomplish the above and recommend measures for reforming the Commission with special emphasis on neutrality, independence and effectiveness of the Commission. 3. The Anti-corruption Commission should be called upon to investigate into all sorts of irregularities and corruptions held in PSC at all levels including former and present Chairman, Members, officers and employees and their dependents. 4. The Chairperson, Members and staff of Commission must reveal their income, assets and liabilities and those of their immediate family members and regularly update the same. 5. Investigations should include all recruitments especially the 20-27th BCS exams conducted by PSC during the last 15 years. Independence and Accountability of the PSC 1. The PSC must be granted full independence in terms of administrative and financial control befitting the challenge facing it. 2. The Commission must have internal self-regulatory and transparency mechanism in place, while it must be externally reportable to the Parliament through Standing Committee on Public Service. Qualification and Eligibility Criteria for Chairman and Members The Chairman and Members of the Commission must be: 1. Persons of high integrity, strong moral courage, personality and commitment. 2. Must have knowledge and experiences on public administration. 3. Prepared to disassociate from any other position of financial benefit. 4. Must have sound health and proven non-communal attitude. Selection of Chairman and Members The present practice under which the Chief Executive is the ultimate appointing authority of the Chairman and Members of the Commission must be replaced by a creating a Search Committee consisting of the Chief Executive, Chief Justice, Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament, Eminent retired Civil Servant of impeccable record and credibility, non-partisan and professionally acclaimed educationist and civil society member and a media person with similar credibility. Selection process may be as followers: ? Step I: Make a list of the competent persons for appointing as member and chairman of any constitutional body. ?Step II: Send the list to the anti-corruption commission to assess their credibility, service records and assets. Step III: Publish the names of the proposed persons along with their qualification and assets in electronic and print media. ?Step IV: Make a short list of the proposed persons and send it to the Parliament for general discussion. The parliament will send th e list to the Search Committee. ?Step V: The Search Committee will finalize the panel of the Chairman and Members and send it to the President for approval. Rank of Chairman/Members The status and rank of the Chairmen of the PSC should be made equivalent to a Minister, and members should be equivalent to the Judges of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court. Reforms in Examination and Recruitment System 1. An Examination and Recruitment Reform Committee should be formed to odernize the examination and recruitment system meeting the challenges of the service for which recruitments are made, with particular emphasis on the merit based recruitment, complete abolition of partisan political or any other influence in the recruitment, and specific needs of the various cadres. 2. The existing generalized exam system should be abolished and cadre-specific examination should be introduced to ensure efficiency and professionalism in service. 3. The new examination system must ensure evalua tion by relevant, honest and skilled examiners. 4. A set of transparent guidelines must be prepared and publicly available consisting of the examination rules and recruitment process. 5. The Commission should have a Complain Box to receive complaints and suggestions from the service receivers. All complains should be duly addressed and results made public. Quota System 1. The existing quota system for freedom fighters and district are no longer considered logical and should be abolished. 2. At least 75% of places should be on purely merit basis, while the remaining may be distributed for affirmative action on the basis of gender, ethnic and religious identity. Access to Information 1. The mark sheet of the successful candidates should be given to the examinees on compulsory basis immediately after the result is published; 2. The result sheet of all examinees (both successful and unsuccessful) must be published on the website. 3. Existing restrictions against challenging the result of examinations should be immediately abolished. Other Management Issues 1. A website for PSC should be established with all information. 2. Computerized data base and MIS should be established with all information of public interest publicly available through various means including website. 3. A Human Resource Unit should be established at PSC, with special emphasis on training and capacity building of the staff. 4. All personnel of the staff should be recruited based on relevant academic background, merit and skills. 5. Should recruit totally new officers and employees for the commission purely based on relevant academic background, merit and necessary skills. The reconstruction Committee on PSC will determine the required number of the staff for PSC through feasibility study. 6. The Secretary of the PSC should be equivalent to the Secretary of the government. PSC’s Integrity Statement and Citizen’s Committee 1. Initiative should be taken to introduce Integrity Statement/Code of Ethics for the PSC. 2. A Committee of Concerned Citizens composed of persons with proven integrity, efficiency and commitment may be constituted to keep watch on the activities and performance of the PSC and to suggest measure to make the PSC efficient and honest. Anti-corruption Hotline on Public Service Commission A hotline (phone number or mail box) may be introduced in the office of the Anticorruption Commission (ACC) of Bangladesh to receive all sorts of complaints related to irregularities and corruption of the PSC. The Special Reform Committee on the PSC and ACC may jointly explore the specific structure, and working procedure of this hotline.

Competitive Strategies of Pizza Cub-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategies being invoved by Pizza Cub in their Business Operation. Answer: Introduction In the current business scenario, contemporary business organizations are gaining their competitive advantages by operating in various diversified sectors. Among all the potential business sectors, food and beverage sector is one of the most potential sectors. This is due to the reason that, food and beverage sectors cover a huge area of diverse food culture around the world (Davis et al. 2013). Moreover, in the present era of globalization, people around the world are having the access of different food culture, which is being effectively tapped by different business organizations operating in this sector (Govil Rashmi, 2013). However, the current business scenario is much competitive than it was a decade ago. Thus, business organizations have to gain competitiveness in the market in order to stay ahead in the competition. Pizza club is one of the leading organizations offering diverse range of pizza in New Zealand. They are comparatively new in this sector compared to their global competitors. However, with their diverse product portfolio catering to varied tastes of the customers helped them to target and attracts the customers effectively (Fernhaber Patel, 2012). However, in the recent times, they are facing challenges in maintaining their operational facilities across New Zealand. Thus, they are in the need of an effective competitive strategy in order to stay ahead in the competition and to enhance their business potential. This report will discuss about the competitive strategies being involved by Pizza club in their business operation. Different models including Porter generic strategies and SWOT will be discussed in this report in order to evaluate the competitiveness of them. Accordingly, recommendations will be provided, which will in turn help the organization to enhance their operational effectiveness. Internal analysis The internal analysis of pizza club will be done in order to gain an understanding of the competitive strategies being followed by them (Tanwar, 2013). Porter generic strategic model will be used in order to analyze the strategies of pizza club. Porter generic strategies Differentiation strategy This model states about three competitive strategies namely focus, cost leadership and differentiation. According to this model, involving these three strategies will help the business organizations in gaining competitive advantages in the market. The first dimension states that, initiation of the differentiation strategy will help the business organizations in offering distinctive and unique products in the market, which will help them in staying ahead in the competition (Banker, Mashruwala Tripathy, 2014). In the case of pizza club, the basic products that they are offering are same as their competitors. However, they have initiated the differentiation strategy in terms of their service delivery and product variation. According to the official website of pizza club, they are offering vast range of pizzas ranging from vegetables, chicken, meat and seafood. Moreover, differentiation is being initiated by them in terms of their service such store ambience, home delivery in less time and more area coverage. Thus, offerings of more flavor and variants are helping them to provide their customers unique experience among the competitors in the market. Cost leadership The next dimension is having the cost leadership in the market. According to this strategy, business organizations having cost leadership in the market will enable them to offer their products to their customers in lower prices. Thus, the more affordable will be the cost of the products, the more market area they will be cover with having more number of target customers (Valipour, Birjandi Honarbakhsh, 2012). In the case of pizza club, they have initiated the process of cost leadership by sourcing their raw materials locally. Local sourcing of the raw materials helped them in reducing the cost involved in producing the end products. Eventually it helped them to offer their products in competitive process, which enhances their competitiveness in the market. Moreover, on the other hand, the reduction in the cost of production will increase the profitability in their daily operation. Thus, initiation of the cost leadership is helping pizza club in gaining competitiveness in the market. Focus Focus strategy is very much beneficial for the beneficial and effective for the contemporary business organizations such as pizza club. This is due to the reason that, majority of the contemporary business organizations has their own target market and according to the taste and preference pattern of the target customers, they offer their products in the market. In the case of pizza club, they are not offering niche products in the market and thus they do not have any niche marketing strategies (Wilson et al., 2012). However, due to the fact that they are catering to the customers of New Zealand, thus their product portfolio is being designed and offered accordingly. The flavor and variants of pizzas and other food products are being offered according to the local food culture and taste. This strategy helps them in effectively meeting the requirement of the local customers, which in turn are the target customers for pizza club. Effectiveness of competitiveness of pizza club Thus, from the above analysis of the competitive strategies being involved by pizza club, it is being seen that, they are involving all the three generic strategies in their business operation. Moreover, it is also been seen that, initiation of the above discussed strategies are helping them in catering their target market effectively along with offering the products at lower prices (Chakrabarti Mitchell, 2013). However, there still some challenges and future threats that may be faced by them in their business operation. Thus, SWOT analysis will be involved in the following sections in order to determine the challenges and opportunities of pizza club. SWOT analysis Strengths One of the key strengths being identified is the brand value gained by pizza club in the short span of their operation. This is due to the reason that, the service ambience, products variants and added facilities have helped them to target their customer more effectively (Wang Tzeng, 2012). This in turn helped them to gain positive word of mouth in the market. This positive brand value will be helpful for them to further penetrate in the existing market and to enter in the new market. As given in the official website of pizza club, they are having huge variety of products to be offered to their customers ranging for the vegetarian and non vegetarian customers (Chen Cui, 2013). Thus, they are being effective in targeting in different taste and preference pattern of the customers. Sourcing of raw materials from the local suppliers is helping them in reducing the cost of sourcing raw material along with having the access to the fresh raw materials. Thus, reduction in the cost of production enables them to offer their product in more competitive prices (Ben-Daya, Asad Seliaman, 2013). This is helping them in catering and reaching out to more number of customers. Weaknesses One of the key weaknesses for pizza club being identified is the lower brand value compared to the global brands. This is due to the reason that, pizza club is being originated just a few years ago and gradually they are developing in the market. However, on the other hand, the global brands in this sector are having huge brand value, which further helps them to attract more customers. Thus, in the current competitive scenario in this sector, pizza club is facing difficulty in competing with their global competitors. Pizza club is having their market coverage only around the major cities in New Zealand. On the other hand, their global competitors are having more market penetration with having global brand profile (Ross, 2013). Thus, it is difficult for pizza club to cater and reach out to vast number of customers compared to their competitors. Limited market coverage is also limiting their business potentiality in the market. In addition, having no global brand value is refraining them to effectively penetrate in the existing market as well as in the new market. As discussed earlier, one of the key competitive strategies being involved by pizza club is the lower priced products. Thus, due to the initiation of the lower price of their product portfolio, the profit percentage for them is lower compared to their competitors. This is creating challenges for them in investing further to expand their market coverage. Opportunities Currently, pizza club is operating in any foreign countries however; entering in the global market will provide huge opportunities for them. This is due to the reason that, entering in the global market will help them to attract more number of customers along with enhancement in the brand value. Currently, they are catering to different flavor and variants of pizza for their existing customers (Chernev, 2012). However, with the increase in more flavor and variants, they will be able to cater and reach out to more number of customers by meeting diversified requirements. Thus, the size of the target market will get increased. Another key opportunity for them being identified is the diversification policy. According to the concept of diversification, pizza club can also enter in related sectors to their existing business line (Bowen, Baker Powell, 2015). For instance, pizza club is currently offering variants of pizzas for their customers. However, initiation of different product line such as different other snacks items will help them to increase the diversity in the target customer base. In addition, it will also help them to reduce the business risk being associated with single product line. Threats Food and beverage sector is facing rapid influx of new entrants both in the market of New Zealand as well as in the global scenario. Thus, threat of new entrants is increasing rapidly for pizza club (Porter Heppelmann, 2014). Thus, with more increase in the competition, the business potentiality will gradually decrease for them. Taste and preference pattern of the customers is one of the key factors being considered to gauge the potentiality in this sector. However, in the recent time, the taste and preference pattern of the customers are changing rapidly and this is causing threat for the future growth of pizza club. This is due to the reason that, it will be difficult for pizza club to frequently change their product offerings according to the change in the taste pattern of the customers. Global customer awareness is increasing regarding the ill effect of the fast food around the world (Servaes Tamayo, 2013). Thus, being operating in the fast food sector, pizza club will face the challenge to attract new customers. Moreover, this awareness of the customers is rapidly increasing, which will have negative impact on the business potential of pizza club. External analysis Apart from the internal analysis of pizza club, external analysis will also be done in the following sections. PESTLE analysis will be used in order to evaluate the external factors being faced by them. Political environment Political environment in New Zealand is stable and business friendly due to the change in the government policies according to the change in the business scenario. Moreover, the political regime in New Zealand is also favorable for the newly incorporated organizations such as pizza club. They are also availing the financial benefits due to the sourcing of locally produced raw materials. Thus, the political environment in New Zealand is favorable for their business (Kelsey, 2015). However, rapid change in the political scenario will have negative impact on their business. This is due to the reason that, change in the political scenario may also change the regulations in the country. Economic environment New Zealand is a developed country and thus the average purchasing power of the customers is high and favorable for pizza club. Moreover, with having lower rate of unemployment in New Zealand, pizza club is having good market opportunity. However, with the increase in the inflow of the foreign direct investment in the country, the competition is increasing with the increase in the global competitors in the market (Alfaro Charlton, 2013). In addition, challenges such as economic rescission may also be faced by them, which will reduce the business potential of pizza club. Social environment The brand image and value that is being gained by pizza club is helping them in attracting more customers in their existing market. However, the recent development in the market of New Zealand regarding the rising awareness among the customers about the negative impact of the fast food is posing challenges in the market growth of pizza club (Carter et al., 2012). Though, the current business scenario for them in New Zealand is huge due to the high level of fast food consumption of fast food of the customers. Technological environment Technology is rapidly evolving in the food and beverage sector and thus it is important for pizza club to cope up with the change. However, one issue that they are facing is the rapid inflow of the updated technology in this sector (Bigliardi Galati, 2013). This is due to the reason that, small and new entrants in the market such as pizza club will not have capital to cope with the rapid change in technology. Thus, their global competitors are having more updated technologies compared to them, which further attracts the customers. Legal environment There are various legislations and regulations regarding the food safety and standard. Thus, it is important for pizza club adhere to these regulations. In addition, it is also important to train the employees in maintaining the food safety and standards. Environmental factors In the current scenario, customers are more conscious about the environment. Thus, it is important for pizza club to initiate green strategies in order to attract their customers (Toniolo et al., 2013). However, their global competitors are having more effective green strategies such as recycling the packages. However, it will be difficult for pizza club to initiate due to the involvement of huge capital. Conclusion Thus, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that, pizza club is having various competitive advantages in the market such as local sourcing and product variants. However, there are various issues being identified, which are creating barrier in effectively competing in the market. One of the key issues being identified is the lack of capital. This is due to the reason that, pizza club is a new entrant and thus they are not having the access of huge capital. In addition, another issue that they are facing is the limited market coverage along with lack of brand image compared to its global competitors. Recommendations Pizza club should opt for crowd funding in order to increase the access of more capital. Initiation of the crowd funding will help them to gather more fund from the market easily. This will help them to invest in innovative ideas, which will further help them to enhance their competitive advantages. Another recommended step will be the entering in the global market. Currently, pizza club is operating in the market of New Zealand, which is limiting their market potentiality. Thus, they should enter in the market of neighboring countries such as Australia. This will help them to enhance their business performance along with enhancing the brand value. The last recommendation will be the initiation of the healthier food items in the market. This will help them in effectively targeting the health conscious customers along with gaining competitive advantages in the market. Initiation of healthier products will create distinctive image of them among their target customers. References Alfaro, L., Charlton, A. (2013). Growth and the Quality of Foreign Direct Investment. InThe Industrial Policy Revolution I(pp. 162-204). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Ben-Daya, M., Asad, R., Seliaman, M. (2013). An integrated production inventory model with raw material replenishment considerations in a three layer supply chain.International Journal of Production Economics,143(1), 53-61. Bigliardi, B., Galati, F. (2013). 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The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness.Management Science,59(5), 1045-1061. Tanwar, R. (2013). Porters generic competitive strategies.Journal of Business and Management,15(1), 11-17. Toniolo, S., Mazzi, A., Niero, M., Zuliani, F., Scipioni, A. (2013). Comparative LCA to evaluate how much recycling is environmentally favourable for food packaging.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,77, 61-68. Valipour, H., Birjandi, H., Honarbakhsh, S. (2012). The effects of cost leadership strategy and product differentiation strategy on the performance of firms.Journal of Asian Business Strategy,2(1), 14. Wang, Y. L., Tzeng, G. H. (2012). Brand marketing for creating brand value based on a MCDM model combining DEMATEL with ANP and VIKOR methods.Expert Systems with Applications,39(5), 5600-5615. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., Gremler, D. D. (2012).Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.